Pharmacological study of anti-allergic activity of Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels

Myrtaceae is a plant family widely used in folk medicine and Syzygium and Eugenia are among the most important genera. We investigated the anti-allergic properties of an aqueous leaf extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (SC). HPLC analysis revealed that hydrolyzable tannins and flavonoids are the major components of the extract. Oral administration of SC (25-100 mg/kg) in Swiss mice (20-25 g; N = 7/group) inhibited paw edema induced by compound 48/80 (50 percent inhibition, 100 mg/kg; P <= 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, the allergic paw edema (23 percent inhibition, 100 mg/kg; P <= 0.05). SC treatment also inhibited the edema induced by histamine (58 percent inhibition; P <= 0.05) and 5-HT (52 percent inhibition; P <= 0.05) but had no effect on platelet-aggregating factor-induced paw edema. SC prevented mast cell degranulation and the consequent histamine release in Wistar rat (180-200 g; N = 7/group) peritoneal mast cells (50 percent inhibition, 1 æg/mL; P <= 0.05) induced by compound 48/80. Pre-treatment of BALB/c mice (18-20 g; N = 7/group) with 100 mg/kg of the extract significantly inhibited eosinophil accumulation in allergic pleurisy (from 7.662 ± 1.524 to 1.89 ± 0.336 x 10(6)/cavity; P <= 0.001). This effect was related to the inhibition of IL-5 (from 70.9 ± 25.2 to 12.05 ± 7.165 pg/mL) and CCL11/eotaxin levels (from 60.4 ± 8.54 to 32.8 ± 8.4 ng/mL) in pleural lavage fluid, using ELISA. These findings demonstrate an anti-allergic effect of SC, and indicate that its anti-edematogenic effect is due to the inhibition of mast cell degranulation and of histamine and serotonin effects, whereas the inhibition of eosinophil accumulation in the allergic pleurisy model is probably due to an impairment of CCL11/eotaxin and IL-5 production.

Long-term ethanol intoxication reduces inflammatory responses in rats

The anti-inflammatory effects of long-term ethanol intoxication were determined during ethanol treatment and withdrawal on the basis of neutrophil and eosinophil migration, hind paw edema and mast cell degranulation. Male Wistar rats (180-200 g, around 2 months of age) were exposed to increasing concentrations of ethanol vapor over a 10-day period. One group was evaluated immediately after exposure (treated group - intoxicated), and another was studied 7 h later (withdrawal group). Ethanol inhalation treatment significantly inhibited carrageenan- (62 percent for the intoxicated group, N = 5, and 35 percent for the withdrawal group, N = 6) and dextran-induced paw edema (32 percent for intoxicated rats and 26 percent for withdrawal rats, N = 5 per group). Ethanol inhalation significantly reduced carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration (95 percent for intoxicated rats and 41 percent for withdrawn rats, N = 6 per group) into a subcutaneous 6-day-old air pouch, and Sephadex-induced eosinophil migration to the rat peritoneal cavity (100 percent for intoxicated rats and 64 percent for withdrawn rats, N = 6 per group). A significant decrease of mast cell degranulation was also demonstrated (control, 82 percent; intoxicated, 49 percent; withdrawn, 51 percent, N = 6, 6 and 8, respectively). Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts in venous blood increased significantly during the 10 days of ethanol inhalation (leukocytes, 13, 27 and 40 percent; neutrophils, 42, 238 and 252 percent, respectively, on days 5, 9 and 10, N = 7, 6 and 6). The cell counts decreased during withdrawal, but were still significantly elevated (leukocytes, 10 percent; neutrophils, 246 percent, N = 6). These findings indicate that both the cellular and vascular components of the inflammatory response are compromised by long-term ethanol intoxication and remain reduced during the withdrawal period.

A Case of Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is an unusual form of leukocytoclastic vasculitis occuring in children from the age 4 months to 2 years. The etiology remains unknown. Numerous studies, however, suggest acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy as an immune-mediated vasculitis in response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. We report a case of an acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy; 11-month-old boy with a history of fever for 3 days and a history of purpuric rash on the extremities, trunk, buttock and oral mucosa for 2 days.

Halothane effect on formalin-induced paw edema and flinching in rat

The formalin test is a model of injury-produced inflammatory pain. Anesthetics, in clinically relevant concentrations, affect neutrophils and immune suppression. This study was to determine whether halothane reliably inhibits inflammatory reaction and formalin induced pain behavior or does not. Rats were exposed to 100% oxygen (control) or halothane, respectively for 30 min and then 24 hr later five percent formalin test was assessed. The base values of the paw's diameter were obtained earlier, and then formalin induced edema was assessed by measuring diameters of the injected paws at 5 min, 1 hr, 4 hr and 24 hr after the injection. Nociceptive behavior was quantified by counting the number of times with the paw flinched at 5 min intervals for 60 min. The diameters of edema in the halothane group lessened more than those in the oxygen group at 1 and 24 hr in each following of the injection (p<0.05). The rats pre-administered with oxygen or halothane were similar appearances in nociceptive behaviors. It suggests that halothane anesthesia might inhibit slightly the inflammatory reaction with the formalin-induced edema but might not inhibit the formalin-induced pain behavior in the event of pre-administration halothane 24 hr earlier before the formalin test of rat.

Edema crónico centrofacial con consumo del componente C1q del complemento / Centrofacial chronic edema with consumption of the component C1q of the complement

Se estudia un paciente de sexo masculino de 29 años, que padecía en el momento de la consulta edema de labios y párpados de un año y medio de evolución. Al confeccionar la historia clínica se determinó que los edemas se presentaban con reagudización, acompañados con úlceras de la mucosa yugal y fiebre de 40§C coincidente con las crisis. El edema de los párpados remitía casi en su totalidad con cada tratamiento esteroide, aunque no así el de labios. Los estudios de laboratorio mostraron anormalidades en la fracción C1q del complemento (0.3 mg ciento por ciento). El estudio histopatológico de un corte de labio halló infiltración mononuclear en el estroma, con disposición angiocéntrica. El infiltrado tenía células linfoides atípicas, que fueron positivas a la inmunomarcación con el anticuerpo monoclonal UCHL-1. Se diagnosticó linfoma T de presentación cutánea centrofacial. El caso se presenta por la interesante coexistencia en un individuo de un desorden linfoproliferativo con edema de labios inflamatorio crónico y edema de párpado recurrente por deficiencia adquirida del C1INH

Inflammatory edema and migration of leucocytes but not phagocytosis are reduced in young rats

1. Newborn and old individuals are more susceptible to infection. In this study vascular permeability as well as the migration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells were determined in male Wistar rats aged 3, 8 and 16 weeks (N = 5-7 animals per group). The increase in vascular permeability induced by the ip injection of carrageenin in 3-week old rats was 2-fold lower than observed for 8- or 16-week old animals. 2. The migration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells into the peritoneal cavity induced by carrageenin and thioglycollate was lower in 3-week old rats (1.4 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) and 1.22 +/- 0.27 x 10(6)) compared to 8-week (4.5 +/- 0.25 x 10(6) and 4.16 +/- 0.38 x 10(6)) and 16-week old animals (5.75 +/- 1.0 x 10(6) and 5.5 +/- 0.5 x 10(6)), respectively. The number of resident cells in the peritoneal cavity of 3-week old rats was also only 15 per cent of that observed for the older rats. The reduced cell migration in younger rats was not the result of leucopenia since the white cell counts of these animals were significantly higher than that of animals aged 8 or 16 weeks (15 +/- 2 x 10(6) vs 8 +/- 1 x 10(6) and 7 +/- 1 x 10(6)/ml of blood, respectively). 3. Although the chemotactic response was lower in 3-week old rats compared to 16-week old animals, the ability of both neutrophils and macrophages from young rats to phagocytose zymosan was similar to that of older animals (60-80 per cent ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Resultados de la detección de anticuerpos anticocleares en diversas patologías del oído / Results of anticochlear antibodies detection in some ear diseases

Se presentan los resultados de aplicar un método de detección de anticuerpos anticocleares a 212 persona, 186 de ellas portadoras de hipoacusias atribuída a diversos cuadros clínicos y 26 normales. Se empleó la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, utilizando como antígeno material membranosoobtenido del conducto coclear humano de cadáveres frescos con menos de 6 horas de deceso. En 31 hipoacusias sensorioneurales, de las cuales 24 tenían un inicio y curso clínico que indicaban una posible etiología autoinmune y 7 que se presentaban asociadas a un cuadro sistémico de reconocida etiología autoinmune, la positividad en la detección de anticuerpos anticocleares se encontró en 17 de ellas (54.8 por ciento ). En 25 hipoacusias catalogadas como hidropesías endolinfáticas retardadas sean ipsi como contralaterales, la prueba fue positiva en 13 (52 por ciento ). En estos dos grupos los porcentajes son significativamente semejantes lo que sugiere una etipatogenia similar (p<0.01). En 47 hidropesias endolinfáticas idiopáticas o enfermedad de Meniere la prueba fue positiva en 12 (25.5 por ciento ). En 26 pacientes que presentaron una sordera súbita sensorioneural la prueba fue positiva en 8 (32 por ciento ). Otros 42 pacientes portadores de una hipoacusia sensorioneural no clasificable tuvieron una prueba positiva en 8 de ellos (19 por ciento ). La prueba fue también positiva en 2 de 8 hipoacusias consideradas congénitas y en 2 de 4 otoesclerosis. Cuatro hipoacusias consideradas como presbiacusia tuvieron la prueba negativa. Ninguno de los 26 sujetos sanos presentó la prueba positiva. Esto significa que la prueba de detección de anticuerpos anticocleares tiene una sensibilidad de 54.8 por ciento , una especificidad de 100 por ciento , un valor predictivo positivo de 100 por ciento y un valor predictivo negativo de 65 por ciento . Se concluye que no sólo la denominada enfermedad autoinmune del oído interno sería atribuíble a un fenómeno de autoinmunidad, sino que otros cuadros clínicos podrían tener una etiopatogenia similar

Presentacion de casos: deficiencia de la proteina inhibidora del primer factor del complemento / Case presentation: deficiency of protein inhibiting of the C1 complement

Se presenta una paciente de 33 anos con episodios subitos de edema facial y de miembros superiories desencadenados por traumatismos leves. Los episodios ceden espontaneamente y no son prevenidos por la administracion de corticoides o antihistaminicos. El nivel de C1 inh fue de 40% y el de C4 se encontro disminuido, indicando consumo de los factores de la via clasica. Se analizan las caracteristicas clinicas y de laboratorio, concluyendo que el cuadro corresponde a angioedema hereditario causado por deficiencia de C1 inh.